Objective To investigate the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic of HFRS in 2013-2015 in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and community structure of captured rodents was determined. Hantavirus(HV) antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 1 309 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2013-2015, with an incidence of 1.16/100 000. The cases were widely distributed, county-level cities, or districts. The cases of HFRS were the highest in Shaowu, Jinjiang and Shishi city. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean population density of rodents was 6.83% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area,the mean population density of rodents was 5.60% in the field, and Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species. HV antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in Yunxiao, Qingliu, and Mingxi counties. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian. The incidence of HFRS was at the highest level in 2013-2015 in Fujian, especially in Shaowu city, Songxi, Zhenghe, and Zhouning counties. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

Objective To investigate Leptospira serovars in Fujian province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods Five investigation sites were established according to the epidemic situation of this disease. In order to determine the main serovars of Leptospira carried by humans and host animals, Leptospira was cultured with blood, kidney, or urine collected from rats, pigs, and frogs. The level of anti-Leptospira antibody was determined in human and rat sera. Serovars and infection status of Leptospira were analyzed based on these studies. Results The investigation of hosts showed that the population density of rodents was 5.83% in the open air of the main epidemic area. Main species were Rattus tanezumi, R. losea, and Niviventer fulvescens, which accounted for 29.87%, 28.19%, and 17.11%, respectively. Leptospira was first isolated from N. coxingi in Changtai county. The positive rate of serum antibody in rats was 11.04%. Autumnalis, Australis, and Grippotyphosa were three of the dominant serotypes in rats. The detection rate of serum antibody in humans was 8.25%. Autumnalis, Pyrogenes, Hebdomadis, and Australis were dominant serotypes in humans. Conclusion The serovars of Leptospira carried by rats and humans are complex in Fujian, which means leptospirosis surveillance should be well performed.

Objective To study the taxonomy of the genus Haemolaelaps from China. Methods The study was conducted by the morphological taxonomy and comparative morphology of the organism. Results Twenty-three species of the genus Haemolaelaps from China were recorded, and a new key to the species of the genus Haemolaelaps was established. Conclusion This study provides the baseline data for the distribution and classification of the genus Haemolaelaps from China.

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of HFRS in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night. The density of captured rodents was calculated, and their species were identified. Hantavirus antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 259 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2011, with an incidence of 0.70/105. The cases were distributed in 64 counties, county-level cities, or districts, particularly in Nanping, Ningde, Fuzhou, and Quanzhou. The incidence of HFRS was the highest in Songxi county and Zhouning county. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean density of rodents was 8.22% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus (typeⅡ), was the dominant species. In the mixed epidemic area, the mean density of rodents was 6.53% in the field, and R. fulvescens was the dominant species, followed by Apodemus agrarius, which carried Hantaan virus (type Ⅰ). HFRS virus antigen was first detected from R. norvegicus in Dehua county. Conclusion R. norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian, and A. agrarius is the main host of HFRS in the field of mixed epidemic area in the northeastern area of Fujian. In 2011, the incidence of HFRS in Fujian increased significantly, especially in Songxi county and Zhouning county. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk population, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the pattern of epidemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Fujian and to provide scientific basis for its prevention and control.  Methods Rats were captured in springs and autumns by live snap method, and its density and specie composition were investigated. The virus antigen from rodent lungs was isolated and identified. Results The dominant species in residential areas was Rattus norvegicus in Rattus type areas and the mixed?type area, which density were 4.91% and 5.73% at home respectively. While in the field, it was Apodemus agrarius with the average density of 12.95%, which was obviously higher in autumn and winter than that in spring. R.norvegicus mainly carried with Type Ⅱ virus, and Ap.agrarius with Type Ⅰvirus. A44 and R50 virus strain were isolated from them, respectively. Conclusion R.norvegicus was still the main host of HFRS in Fujian. Ap.agrarius was the main host in the field in the diversity epidemic area. It should strengthen the surveillance and the control of HFRS in main epidemic areas.

Objective To investigate the distribution of gamasid mites and chigger mites on rodents in Sanduao island of Fujian.Methods Rodents were captured alive with cages,and the mites parasitized on the rodent were collected and identified.Results 6769 gamasid mites collected belonged to 4 family,8 genus and 13 species,and 31 580 chigger mites collected belonged to 1 family,2 genus and 6 species.The density of gamasid mites parasitized on Niniventer fulvescens was the highest,and the dominant mite species were Laelaps turkestanicus and L.fukienensis.The infested rate and the infested index of chigger mites to Rattus rattoides and N.fulvescens was all higher,and the dominant species parasitized on R.rattoides was Leptotrombidium scutellare and that on N.fulvescens was L.pallidum.The infested rate of gamadis mites to R.rattoides in bushes and mountainous regions was 86.67% and the infested index was 9.99,which were higher compared to the infested rate of 68.57% and the infested index of 6.86 in paddy fields.The infested rate of chigger mite to R.rattoides in bushes and mountainous was 93.14% and the infested index was 128.30,which were higher compared to the infested rate of 36.90% and the infested index of 29.03 in paddy fields. L.echidninus and L.nuttalli appeared in the whole year without obvious seasonal changes. L.fukienensis, L.turkestanicus, L.scutellare, L.pallidum,Doloisia guangdongensis and L.allosetnm were all active in winter and spring while Haemolaelaps chinensis only appeared in winter,and L.deliense appeared in summer and autumn when the temperature was comparatively higher.Conclusion 13 species of gamasid mites and 6 species of chigger mites were found on the rodents in Sanduao island,and the changes of species composition and population density was affected by host,habitats and seasons.

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific method for detecting total antibodies in sera of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) patients and rodents by the double antigens sandwich ELISA. Methods The double antigens sandwich ELISA was established with coating antigen e1.3S from Hantavirus (HV), combining with recombinant antigen e6-119 labeled with HRP. The method was used to detect total antibodies in sera of HFRS patients and rodents, and the results were compared to that of indirect fluorescent assay(IFA). Results Five hundred and sixty-six samples (188 human sera and 378 rodents sera) were detected by using the double antigens sandwich ELISA and IFA. The total coincidence rate of the results by the two methods was 97.70%. Compared with IFA, the ELISA for the detection of total antibodies showed 97.54% in sensitivity and 97.87% in specificity. Conclusion The double antigens sandwich ELISA showed higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of total antibodies, which can be applied in the large-scale epidemiologic survey.

The paper reported the prothrombin time determition for Rattus norvegicus and mice to three kinds of anticoagulant rodenticides(Bromadiolone;Coumatetralyl;DiphacinonNa). In 24h the time of prothrombin of R.norvegicus was extended obviously with LD ₅₀ and half LD ₅₀.The time of prothrombin of most R.norvegicus passed 200's and some body died in 48h.In 120h most of them died. For mice,the prothrombin time was extended slightly in 24h with LD ₅₀ and half LD ₅₀.In 48h the time of prothrombin return to normal in the main. But in 72h it was extended over 200's. most Mice died in 168h.It was showed that three kinds of anticoagulant rodenticides are sensitive to R.norvsgicus and mice.

The paper reported the Mice LD ₅₀ determination and Rodent control field tests with Botulinum Type C.The LD ₅₀ were 0.0891±0.0473 ml/kg by 25℃ for 48h; 0.1363±0.0597 ml/kg by 30℃ for 48h;0.1712±0.0652ml/kg by 35℃ for 48h.The Botulinum Type C was powerful for rodent control.In the field tests with rice baits, the killing rate by the Botulinum Type C was 91.08%; 89.41% and 88.04%.It was showed that the Botulinum Type C fit in with the South China.